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Showing posts with label human rights. Show all posts
Showing posts with label human rights. Show all posts

Wednesday, 27 February 2008

Language, slavery and nationalism: can we get insights from etymology?

Some references to the differences in Basque language to that spoken elsewhere in Spain may indicate a potentially interesting set of issues(see:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_language
). It is assumed by linguists that variations in language can be linked to issues of migration of social groups and that trends in the form of language will be linked in a systematic manner to a defined space according to the population within that space and their heritage, which is interlinked to other populations from linked geographical areas, that language is spatially influenced if not defined.

There are deemed to be such strong trends in language use geographically, that it is possible to infer population movement according to the variation in language use and conversely, it is possible to identify what is termed a ‘language isolate’ may exist.(see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_isolate). The general term of ‘migration’ may be of interest in this case, there is an assumption that there is free movement of people across Europe, and for this to have taken place for some significant time – if any beginning point could be meaningfully established.

What does the term ‘language isolate’ actually mask other forms of social activity – perhaps as there are the groups who have an almost Russian language in the north of Spain because they were uprooted and sold to the Spanish business elite in a white-on-white slave trade. We as a nation tend not to have a great awareness of slavery outside of that which took place involving the indigenous African population. There may have been a great many ‘migrations’ which were not carried out through personal choice and perhaps there are equally as strong divisions in the white population as there are between some black white groups. Perhaps there could be other explanations of why Basque culture is different to that elsewhere in Northern Spain as well but this may provide a point of reference.

To an extent it could be argued that there may have been the birth of the slave industry as a result of stability of sea travel which led to a different form of slavery to that which was employed when road travel was the main form of slave trading. Perhaps there were a number of synonymous incidents of slave uprisings which led to the decline of interest in white-white slave trading and the spin doctors of the 15th century managed to convince us that we were all being well managed.

This may seem a little ironic bearing in mind Bernie Grant’s comment to Tony Blair regarding his mothers maiden name – Blair. Were Mr Blair’s forefathers the owners of Mr Grant’s? The contemporary master of spin may have had a long family history of being involved in spin related activities. This may still need to be challenged. I personally feel there is some significant bias in the methods used by the media in highlighting the nature of the problems of slavery – there were injustices connected to it but there should always be a responsible comparison made to the living conditions of the time for the white British population to indicate exactly how poor living conditions were for all at the time. Also, a great many forms of slavery may be overlooked to a point where they may as well be written out of history. Descendants of Indian slaves reside in Fiji and were deported from Uganda in the 1970's – yet the main image of slave in contemporary society is black, of African origin.

The coverage of the Beckford family, a south-west family of slave traders, in the relatively recent documentaries on the BBC may also reflect a bias. There were actions sanctioned by the British government when most of the white population were not treated much better than slaves themselves which involved the initiation of the international slave trade. While I may fear great many of the people who run Britain today, who largely control the media, are descendents of slave-master families who shape our history and want to spread the guilt of their forefathers families across the whole nation themselves rather than organisations still in existence take responsibility for what took place. Lloyds Insurance (Lloyds of London), Lloyds TSB and Barclays have all strong enough links to establishing themselves through slavery to be more directly held responsible for any reparation if this does get strong public backing.

Perhaps the concept of nation was developed to legitimate slave trading to a rather ill-equipped population who would not have the education to challenge this type of notion. Have we all been misled regarding ‘nationalism’ being the most important part of our identities, as British subjects, when this could be more readily be linked to masking foreign policy malpractice? Nationalism in this sense makes us relatively easy to govern rather than aware. If this is the case perhaps we should be engaged in a process of developing a post-colonial national identity based upon racial, cultural and social harmonies linked to British heritage, rather than cultural pride in our history per se. If it was a means of controlling the British population and making an unmanageable situation manageable, this should be acknowledged.

I assume that there are a number of reasons why reparation movements don’t get off the ground in the UK and one of these may be diverse – if any do I hope they are balanced and minimise negative impacts. In answer to the question posed I guess I would gravitate towards the opinion that there is little chance of insight from etymology because it is shaped by a strongly manipulated version of social history which will continue to affect us.

Tuesday, 29 January 2008

Mens' rights and abortion - should there be a clearer level of ‘personal responsibility’ within relationships when there are no legal rights?

Disclaimer I can’t recall who expressed what views within the context of the group meeting and if I have absorbed your views within my own and you wish to claim some authorship for them then please comment upon what I state. I wasn’t comfortable at the time but I think it was an involved and stimulating discussion…
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At an Amnesty International meeting last year which was used to discuss the issues of abortion before Amnesty was willing to back the notion of an international women’s right to have abortions, I felt particularly comfortable. I tend not to be able to think very clearly within group situations and there was a great deal of tension for me personally because of the experience I'd had with an ex-girlfriend, then girlfriend who had an abortion stating it was my child to be. I had made the mistake of not enforcing influence that I had and supported her through what I believed to be the right thing to do which was to support her individual decision not to keep the child. This may have been largely through what I thought was the best course of action for both of us – she was about to turn 21 and I was merely 19.

On reflection, I should have stated what I thought was suitable in the context of the relationship. Whilst I don’t blame the ex-girlfriend concerned for wanting an abortion especially when the circumstances were not particularly good I do not feel content with what happened. She had fallen pregnant before going away for a few months (the actual man who got her pregnant does cross my mind from time to time) and had returned after months of heavy drinking – with the potential that this could have caused all manner of deformity to the unborn child. Having issues like that to deal with does mean that I’d like time to prepare for a discussion on abortion related matters.

See - http://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=17378

At it’s worst, discussions on abortion can raise harsh social divisions and tap into longstanding Catholic – Protestant divides in the UK, if not the whole of Europe. At best the discussion on abortion is not likely to be pleasant. Having said that, that it is not most people’s idea of a leisure activity to discuss such things, it is a very important issue area – perhaps a barometer of our times. There does seem to be a tendency within the west to conceptualise abortion almost as a late form of contraception, without regard for the unborn child.

I state this and there could be much clearer conceptualisation, say through the arts of this particular process. There tends not to be frequent, open and frank admission of what the experience is like for women, nor for men for that matter, and neither would-be-siblings of the unborn child.

What was striking about the discussion was that it was quite heavily biased towards the group forming the conclusion that a woman having a legal right internationally to have abortions was the right thing to do. This may be owing to the nature of the political and legal establishments worldwide having failed women in so many respects. The cases that were used as examples within the discussions did lead to a conclusion that this may be a suitable goal for a human rights organisation; however, the specifics will always be debated by political leaders all over the world. One person did say she regarded it as her right to have an abortion and while I don’t disagree with the individual having this ‘right’, there are a number of issues which precede this that may need to stated before the ‘right’ is recognised.

With regard to men and their lack of rights to stop a female partner having an abortion, if this is the case then this needs to a matter that men are fully aware of prior to any consenting sex: in a position where there are no legal rights there is a duty to self to ensure that no risk is taken. If this is considered, it may become appropriate for men to be in control of contraception to a large extent. This is not to disempower women but rather to control for factors which will be beyond the control of the man in the relationship.

One other major element in relation to the discussion and its breadth was that there were no Muslim men present. How ‘Muslim’ the perspective I expressed may have seemed, of wanting men to have some form of legal right to contest abortion or even force a woman to give birth to a child if she were to become pregnant during marriage, I can’t say. I guess there is the issue that men are generally deemed as being in the ascendancy in society and there being a need to offer a few token gestures to women - including rights to legal control their own bodies through abortion. When this takes place and there is no reference to the need to change the multitude of issues of relationships which may restrict the progression of women in employment, rather than aiming to introduce an international human right for abortion, I must state that there needs to be a great deal supplementing the project of introducing an international human right for abortions to take place. To a large extent it seems that there was some lip service to the unborn child did not figure in what was presented – these seem to be very ill supported rights in Britain at present.

It is the 21st century and I do find abortion to be a barbaric act which shouldn’t be taking place in society today. If there are major restrictions on men or women from using contraception or if they are not able to participate in relationships without the ability to assert themselves to a point where they feel comfortable to do so, then there are other factors which need to be considered in relation to abortion before the relatively thorny issues that were presented to the Amnesty group are dealt with. Maybe amnesty is slightly outstretching itself on this matter as some seem to state:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/02/2006_21_thu.shtml

There are risks to women overseas who do not have the freedom to have an abortion which most of us don’t want to see, irrespective of views on abortion generally. For women to die during the course of abortions carried out by non-medics is extremely saddening. It is perhaps that many issues need to take precedence to the abortion freedoms that we were asked to discuss – will we be asked to discuss these? It is perhaps, ironically, only within the context of a bold international strategy to irradicate abortion altogether that there will be success in establishing an international right to abortion – this should only be a short term aim. The longer term aim of reducing the need for abortions tends take precedence altogether and without emphasis on this Amnesty will be unsuccessful.

In respect of the issues of contraception, men and the lack of legal rights to ensure that a pregnancy results in an attempt at child birth, if this is what were desired by the partners, there is a pressing need to ensure that all men are willing to assert their views. It is a position where the politics of persuasion need to operated by men because this is one area where their rights are vastly less than women’s are and in the absence of rights or legal power other forms of power and persuasion need to be drawn upon – hopefully personal expression will be the strongest of these.….